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	margin-left:0cm;
	text-align:justify;
	text-justify:inter-ideograph;
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	margin-left:28.0pt;
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	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
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	mso-style-qformat:yes;
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	margin-top:0cm;
	margin-right:0cm;
	margin-bottom:10.0pt;
	margin-left:0cm;
	text-align:justify;
	text-justify:inter-ideograph;
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p.MsoList, li.MsoList, div.MsoList
	{mso-style-unhide:no;
	mso-style-parent:"Corps de texte";
	margin-top:0cm;
	margin-right:0cm;
	margin-bottom:7.0pt;
	margin-left:0cm;
	text-align:justify;
	text-justify:inter-ideograph;
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	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
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	font-family:"Cambria",serif;
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	mso-bidi-font-family:"Lohit Devanagari";}
p.MsoTitle, li.MsoTitle, div.MsoTitle
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	mso-style-next:"Corps de texte";
	margin-top:12.0pt;
	margin-right:0cm;
	margin-bottom:6.0pt;
	margin-left:0cm;
	text-align:justify;
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p.MsoBodyText, li.MsoBodyText, div.MsoBodyText
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	margin-top:0cm;
	margin-right:0cm;
	margin-bottom:7.0pt;
	margin-left:0cm;
	text-align:justify;
	text-justify:inter-ideograph;
	line-height:115%;
	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
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	font-family:"Cambria",serif;
	mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";
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p.MsoSubtitle, li.MsoSubtitle, div.MsoSubtitle
	{mso-style-priority:11;
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	mso-style-qformat:yes;
	mso-style-link:"Sous-titre Car";
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	margin-top:12.0pt;
	margin-right:0cm;
	margin-bottom:8.0pt;
	margin-left:0cm;
	text-align:justify;
	text-justify:inter-ideograph;
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	color:black;
	mso-themecolor:text1;
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a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
	{mso-style-priority:99;
	color:blue;
	mso-themecolor:hyperlink;
	text-decoration:underline;
	text-underline:single;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
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	mso-style-priority:99;
	color:purple;
	mso-themecolor:followedhyperlink;
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pre
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	margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
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	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
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p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
	{mso-style-unhide:no;
	mso-style-qformat:yes;
	margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	text-align:justify;
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span.MsoPlaceholderText
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	mso-style-qformat:yes;
	color:gray;}
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
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	margin-top:0cm;
	margin-right:0cm;
	margin-bottom:0cm;
	margin-left:36.0pt;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	mso-add-space:auto;
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	text-justify:inter-ideograph;
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	font-family:"Cambria",serif;
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p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst
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	mso-style-type:export-only;
	margin-top:0cm;
	margin-right:0cm;
	margin-bottom:0cm;
	margin-left:36.0pt;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	mso-add-space:auto;
	text-align:justify;
	text-justify:inter-ideograph;
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	font-family:"Cambria",serif;
	mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";
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p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle
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	mso-style-type:export-only;
	margin-top:0cm;
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	margin-bottom:0cm;
	margin-left:36.0pt;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	mso-add-space:auto;
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	text-justify:inter-ideograph;
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	font-family:"Cambria",serif;
	mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";
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p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast
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	mso-style-type:export-only;
	margin-top:0cm;
	margin-right:0cm;
	margin-bottom:0cm;
	margin-left:36.0pt;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	mso-add-space:auto;
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	font-family:"Cambria",serif;
	mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";
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span.LienInternet
	{mso-style-name:"Lien Internet";
	mso-style-unhide:no;
	color:blue;
	text-decoration:underline;
	text-underline:single;}
span.TextedebullesCar
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	mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;
	font-family:"Lucida Grande",sans-serif;
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span.ListLabel1
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span.ListLabel2
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span.ListLabel3
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span.ListLabel4
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span.ListLabel5
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span.ListLabel6
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span.ListLabel7
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	font-family:Wingdings;
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span.ListLabel8
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	font-family:Symbol;
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span.ListLabel9
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span.ListLabel10
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	font-family:Wingdings;
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span.ListLabel11
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span.ListLabel12
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	font-family:Symbol;
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span.ListLabel13
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span.ListLabel14
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	font-family:Wingdings;
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span.ListLabel15
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span.ListLabel16
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span.ListLabel17
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span.ListLabel18
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span.ListLabel19
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span.ListLabel20
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span.ListLabel21
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span.ListLabel22
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span.ListLabel23
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span.ListLabel24
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span.ListLabel25
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span.ListLabel26
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span.ListLabel27
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span.ListLabel28
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span.ListLabel29
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span.ListLabel30
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span.ListLabel31
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	mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;}
span.En-tteCar
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	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-unhide:no;
	mso-style-qformat:yes;
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span.PieddepageCar
	{mso-style-name:"Pied de page Car";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-unhide:no;
	mso-style-qformat:yes;
	mso-style-locked:yes;
	mso-style-link:"Pied de page1";
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span.ListLabel32
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	font-family:Symbol;
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span.ListLabel33
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span.ListLabel34
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span.ListLabel35
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span.ListLabel36
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span.ListLabel37
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span.ListLabel38
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	font-family:Symbol;
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span.ListLabel39
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span.ListLabel40
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span.ListLabel41
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	mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;}
p.Lgende1, li.Lgende1, div.Lgende1
	{mso-style-name:Légende1;
	mso-style-unhide:no;
	mso-style-qformat:yes;
	margin-top:6.0pt;
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	margin-bottom:6.0pt;
	margin-left:0cm;
	text-align:justify;
	text-justify:inter-ideograph;
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	font-family:"Cambria",serif;
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	font-style:italic;}
p.Index, li.Index, div.Index
	{mso-style-name:Index;
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	mso-style-qformat:yes;
	margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
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	font-family:"Cambria",serif;
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p.Bibliographie1, li.Bibliographie1, div.Bibliographie1
	{mso-style-name:Bibliographie1;
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	mso-style-qformat:yes;
	margin-top:0cm;
	margin-right:0cm;
	margin-bottom:0cm;
	margin-left:36.0pt;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	text-align:justify;
	text-justify:inter-ideograph;
	text-indent:-36.0pt;
	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
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	font-family:"Cambria",serif;
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	mso-bidi-font-family:"DejaVu Sans";
	mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;}
p.Contenudetableau, li.Contenudetableau, div.Contenudetableau
	{mso-style-name:"Contenu de tableau";
	mso-style-unhide:no;
	mso-style-qformat:yes;
	margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	text-align:justify;
	text-justify:inter-ideograph;
	mso-pagination:widow-orphan no-line-numbers;
	font-size:14.0pt;
	mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
	font-family:"Cambria",serif;
	mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";
	mso-bidi-font-family:"DejaVu Sans";}
p.En-tte1, li.En-tte1, div.En-tte1
	{mso-style-name:En-tête1;
	mso-style-priority:99;
	margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	text-align:justify;
	text-justify:inter-ideograph;
	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
	tab-stops:center 8.0cm right 16.0cm;
	font-size:14.0pt;
	mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
	font-family:"Cambria",serif;
	mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";
	mso-bidi-font-family:"DejaVu Sans";}
p.Pieddepage1, li.Pieddepage1, div.Pieddepage1
	{mso-style-name:"Pied de page1";
	mso-style-priority:99;
	mso-style-link:"Pied de page Car";
	margin:0cm;
	margin-bottom:.0001pt;
	text-align:justify;
	text-justify:inter-ideograph;
	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
	tab-stops:center 8.0cm right 16.0cm;
	font-size:14.0pt;
	mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
	font-family:"Cambria",serif;
	mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";
	mso-bidi-font-family:"DejaVu Sans";}
span.Titre1Car
	{mso-style-name:"Titre 1 Car";
	mso-style-priority:9;
	mso-style-unhide:no;
	mso-style-locked:yes;
	mso-style-link:"Titre 1";
	mso-ansi-font-size:16.0pt;
	mso-bidi-font-size:16.0pt;
	font-family:"Cambria",serif;
	mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
	mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Gothic";
	mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
	mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
	mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
	mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
	color:black;
	mso-themecolor:text1;
	font-weight:bold;
	mso-bidi-font-weight:normal;
	text-decoration:underline;
	text-underline:single;}
span.Titre2Car
	{mso-style-name:"Titre 2 Car";
	mso-style-priority:9;
	mso-style-unhide:no;
	mso-style-locked:yes;
	mso-style-link:"Titre 2";
	mso-ansi-font-size:14.0pt;
	mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;
	font-family:"MS Gothic";
	mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Gothic";
	mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
	mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
	mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
	color:black;
	mso-themecolor:text1;
	text-decoration:underline;
	text-underline:single;}
span.Sous-titreCar
	{mso-style-name:"Sous-titre Car";
	mso-style-priority:11;
	mso-style-unhide:no;
	mso-style-locked:yes;
	mso-style-link:Sous-titre;
	mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;
	mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
	font-family:"MS Mincho";
	mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";
	mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
	mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
	color:black;
	mso-themecolor:text1;
	letter-spacing:.75pt;}
span.Titre3Car
	{mso-style-name:"Titre 3 Car";
	mso-style-noshow:yes;
	mso-style-priority:9;
	mso-style-unhide:no;
	mso-style-locked:yes;
	mso-style-link:"Titre 3";
	mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
	mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
	mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Gothic";
	mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
	mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
	mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
	mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
	color:#243F60;
	mso-themecolor:accent1;
	mso-themeshade:127;}
span.Titre4Car
	{mso-style-name:"Titre 4 Car";
	mso-style-noshow:yes;
	mso-style-priority:9;
	mso-style-unhide:no;
	mso-style-locked:yes;
	mso-style-link:"Titre 4";
	mso-ansi-font-size:14.0pt;
	font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
	mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
	mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Gothic";
	mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
	mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
	mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
	mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
	color:#365F91;
	mso-themecolor:accent1;
	mso-themeshade:191;
	font-style:italic;}
span.SpellE
	{mso-style-name:"";
	mso-spl-e:yes;}
span.GramE
	{mso-style-name:"";
	mso-gram-e:yes;}
.MsoChpDefault
	{mso-style-type:export-only;
	mso-default-props:yes;
	font-size:10.0pt;
	mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
	font-family:"Cambria",serif;
	mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
	mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";
	mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
	mso-bidi-font-family:"DejaVu Sans";}
@page WordSection1
	{size:595.3pt 841.9pt;
	margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt;
	mso-header-margin:0cm;
	mso-footer-margin:0cm;
	mso-forms-protection:no;
	mso-paper-source:0;}
div.WordSection1
	{page:WordSection1;}
 /* List Definitions */
 @list l0
	{mso-list-id:36127443;
	mso-list-template-ids:-1247101604;}
@list l0:level1
	{mso-level-number-format:none;
	mso-level-suffix:none;
	mso-level-text:"";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:0cm;
	text-indent:0cm;}
@list l0:level2
	{mso-level-number-format:none;
	mso-level-suffix:none;
	mso-level-text:"";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:0cm;
	text-indent:0cm;}
@list l0:level3
	{mso-level-number-format:none;
	mso-level-suffix:none;
	mso-level-text:"";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:0cm;
	text-indent:0cm;}
@list l0:level4
	{mso-level-number-format:none;
	mso-level-suffix:none;
	mso-level-text:"";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:0cm;
	text-indent:0cm;}
@list l0:level5
	{mso-level-number-format:none;
	mso-level-suffix:none;
	mso-level-text:"";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:0cm;
	text-indent:0cm;}
@list l0:level6
	{mso-level-number-format:none;
	mso-level-suffix:none;
	mso-level-text:"";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:0cm;
	text-indent:0cm;}
@list l0:level7
	{mso-level-number-format:none;
	mso-level-suffix:none;
	mso-level-text:"";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:0cm;
	text-indent:0cm;}
@list l0:level8
	{mso-level-number-format:none;
	mso-level-suffix:none;
	mso-level-text:"";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:0cm;
	text-indent:0cm;}
@list l0:level9
	{mso-level-number-format:none;
	mso-level-suffix:none;
	mso-level-text:"";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:0cm;
	text-indent:0cm;}
@list l1
	{mso-list-id:291864084;
	mso-list-template-ids:-267376138;}
@list l1:level1
	{mso-level-style-link:"Titre 1";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:18.0pt;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l1:level2
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:39.6pt;
	text-indent:-21.6pt;}
@list l1:level3
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:61.2pt;
	text-indent:-25.2pt;}
@list l1:level4
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:86.4pt;
	text-indent:-32.4pt;}
@list l1:level5
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:111.6pt;
	text-indent:-39.6pt;}
@list l1:level6
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\.%6\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:136.8pt;
	text-indent:-46.8pt;}
@list l1:level7
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\.%6\.%7\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:162.0pt;
	text-indent:-54.0pt;}
@list l1:level8
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\.%6\.%7\.%8\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:187.2pt;
	text-indent:-61.2pt;}
@list l1:level9
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\.%6\.%7\.%8\.%9\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:216.0pt;
	text-indent:-72.0pt;}
@list l2
	{mso-list-id:293103851;
	mso-list-template-ids:2089578736;}
@list l2:level1
	{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;
	font-family:Symbol;
	mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;}
@list l2:level2
	{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:o;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
@list l2:level3
	{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;
	font-family:Wingdings;
	mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;}
@list l2:level4
	{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;
	font-family:Symbol;
	mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;}
@list l2:level5
	{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:o;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
@list l2:level6
	{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;
	font-family:Wingdings;
	mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;}
@list l2:level7
	{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;
	font-family:Symbol;
	mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;}
@list l2:level8
	{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:o;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
@list l2:level9
	{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;
	font-family:Wingdings;
	mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;}
@list l3
	{mso-list-id:419563695;
	mso-list-template-ids:67895327;}
@list l3:level1
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:18.0pt;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l3:level2
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:39.6pt;
	text-indent:-21.6pt;}
@list l3:level3
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:61.2pt;
	text-indent:-25.2pt;}
@list l3:level4
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:86.4pt;
	text-indent:-32.4pt;}
@list l3:level5
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:111.6pt;
	text-indent:-39.6pt;}
@list l3:level6
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\.%6\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:136.8pt;
	text-indent:-46.8pt;}
@list l3:level7
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\.%6\.%7\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:162.0pt;
	text-indent:-54.0pt;}
@list l3:level8
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\.%6\.%7\.%8\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:187.2pt;
	text-indent:-61.2pt;}
@list l3:level9
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\.%6\.%7\.%8\.%9\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:216.0pt;
	text-indent:-72.0pt;}
@list l4
	{mso-list-id:603810102;
	mso-list-template-ids:67895327;}
@list l4:level1
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:18.0pt;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l4:level2
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:39.6pt;
	text-indent:-21.6pt;}
@list l4:level3
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:61.2pt;
	text-indent:-25.2pt;}
@list l4:level4
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:86.4pt;
	text-indent:-32.4pt;}
@list l4:level5
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:111.6pt;
	text-indent:-39.6pt;}
@list l4:level6
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\.%6\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:136.8pt;
	text-indent:-46.8pt;}
@list l4:level7
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\.%6\.%7\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:162.0pt;
	text-indent:-54.0pt;}
@list l4:level8
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\.%6\.%7\.%8\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:187.2pt;
	text-indent:-61.2pt;}
@list l4:level9
	{mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\.%6\.%7\.%8\.%9\.";
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	margin-left:216.0pt;
	text-indent:-72.0pt;}
@list l5
	{mso-list-id:1927111506;
	mso-list-type:hybrid;
	mso-list-template-ids:381313750 67895311 67895321 67895323 67895311 67895321 67895323 67895311 67895321 67895323;}
@list l5:level1
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l5:level2
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l5:level3
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l5:level4
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l5:level5
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l5:level6
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l5:level7
	{mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l5:level8
	{mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l5:level9
	{mso-level-number-format:roman-lower;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:right;
	text-indent:-9.0pt;}
@list l6
	{mso-list-id:2074353694;
	mso-list-template-ids:-868429044;}
@list l6:level1
	{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;
	mso-ansi-font-size:8.0pt;
	font-family:Symbol;
	mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;}
@list l6:level2
	{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:o;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
@list l6:level3
	{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;
	font-family:Wingdings;
	mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;}
@list l6:level4
	{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;
	font-family:Symbol;
	mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;}
@list l6:level5
	{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:o;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
@list l6:level6
	{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;
	font-family:Wingdings;
	mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;}
@list l6:level7
	{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;
	font-family:Symbol;
	mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;}
@list l6:level8
	{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
	mso-level-text:o;
	mso-level-tab-stop:none;
	mso-level-number-position:left;
	text-indent:-18.0pt;
	font-family:"Courier New";}
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<body lang=FR link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:35.4pt'>

<div class=WordSection1>

<p class=MsoToc1><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>TOC \o &quot;1-4&quot; \n \h \z \t
&quot;Sous-titre;3&quot; <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
class=MsoHyperlink><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-no-proof:yes'><a
href="#_Toc530069827">1.<span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
"MS Mincho";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span></span>Introduction</a></span></span><span
style='mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoToc1><span class=MsoHyperlink><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-no-proof:yes'><a href="#_Toc530069828">2.<span style='font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;color:windowtext;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span></span>Definition
of constraints</a></span></span><span style='mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoToc2 style='text-indent:-14.2pt;tab-stops:right dotted 453.1pt'><span
class=MsoHyperlink><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-no-proof:yes'><a href="#_Toc530069829">2.a) Homopolymer constraint:</a></span></span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoToc2 style='text-indent:-14.2pt;tab-stops:right dotted 453.1pt'><span
class=MsoHyperlink><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-no-proof:yes'><a href="#_Toc530069830">2.b) GC content:</a></span></span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoToc2 style='text-indent:-14.2pt;tab-stops:right dotted 453.1pt'><span
class=MsoHyperlink><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-no-proof:yes'><a href="#_Toc530069831">2.c) Hamming distance <i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-US'>d<sub>H</sub></span></i>:</a></span></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
"MS Mincho";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoToc2 style='text-indent:-14.2pt;tab-stops:right dotted 453.1pt'><span
class=MsoHyperlink><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-no-proof:yes'><a href="#_Toc530069832">2.d) Sequence-Levenshtein
(SeqLev)&nbsp;distance <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>d<sub>SL</sub></i>:</a></span></span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoToc2 style='text-indent:-14.2pt;tab-stops:right dotted 453.1pt'><span
class=MsoHyperlink><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-no-proof:yes'><a href="#_Toc530069833">2.e) Phaseshift distance <i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>d<sub>p </sub></i>:</a></span></span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoToc1><span class=MsoHyperlink><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-no-proof:yes'><a href="#_Toc530069834">3.<span style='font-size:14.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;color:windowtext;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span></span>Plateform
chemistry constraints</a></span></span><span style='mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoToc2 style='text-indent:-14.2pt;tab-stops:right dotted 453.1pt'><span
class=MsoHyperlink><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-no-proof:yes'><a href="#_Toc530069835">3.a) Overview of Illumina
chemistries</a></span></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:
Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoToc2 style='text-indent:-14.2pt;tab-stops:right dotted 453.1pt'><span
class=MsoHyperlink><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-no-proof:yes'><a href="#_Toc530069836">3.b) Illumina compatibility
constraints</a></span></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:
Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoToc2 style='text-indent:-14.2pt;tab-stops:right dotted 453.1pt'><span
class=MsoHyperlink><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-no-proof:yes'><a href="#_Toc530069837">3.c) Examples of compatible
and non-compatible combinations</a></span></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
"MS Mincho";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoToc3 style='text-indent:-14.2pt;tab-stops:right dotted 453.1pt'><span
class=MsoHyperlink><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-no-proof:yes'><a href="#_Toc530069838">i) Compatible and
non-compatible barcode combinations for a 4-channel Illumina system (multiplex
level 3).</a></span></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:
Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoToc3 style='text-indent:-14.2pt;tab-stops:right dotted 453.1pt'><span
class=MsoHyperlink><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-no-proof:yes'><a href="#_Toc530069839">ii) Compatible and
non-compatible barcode combinations for a 2-channel Illumina system (multiplex
level 3)</a></span></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:
Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoToc3 style='text-indent:-14.2pt;tab-stops:right dotted 453.1pt'><span
class=MsoHyperlink><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-no-proof:yes'><a
href="#_Toc530069840">iii) Compatible and non-compatible barcode combinations
for a 1-channel Illumina system (multiplex level 3)</a></span></span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoToc1><span class=MsoHyperlink><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-no-proof:yes'><a href="#_Toc530069841">4.<span
lang=FR style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:
Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:FR;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span
style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span></span>Which constraints for which platform?</a></span></span><span
style='mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-no-proof:yes'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:-14.2pt'><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<h1 style='mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7'><a name="_Toc530069827"><![if !supportLists]><span
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]>Introduction</a></h1>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>This
interface is a frontend for the <span class=SpellE>DNABarcodeCompatibility</span>
R-package.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>This package allows one to
obtain optimized combinations of DNA barcodes to be used for multiplex
sequencing. In each barcode combination, barcodes can be pooled with respect to
Illumina chemistry constraints, distance constraints, or nucleotide composition
constraints. In particular, combinations can be filtered to keep those that are
robust against substitution, insertion/deletion and <span class=SpellE>phaseshift</span>
errors thereby facilitating the demultiplexing step. In addition, the package
provides an optimizer function to further favour the selection of barcode
combinations in which each DNA barcode is used an equal (or near equal) number
of times. Here, we briefly define the constraints in section 2 and 3, and
summarise how to apply them according to the main platforms in section 4.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<h1 style='mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7'><a name="_Toc530069828"><![if !supportLists]><span
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]></a><span
class=SpellE><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc530069828'>Definition</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc530069828'> of <span class=SpellE>constraints</span></span>
</h1>

<h2><a name="_Toc530069829"><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>2.a)
Homopolymer constraint:</span></a><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-US'> <o:p></o:p></span></h2>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>It is
defined as a repetition of three or more identical adjacent nucleotides in the
barcode.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<h2><a name="_Toc530069830"><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>2.b)
GC content:</span></a><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <o:p></o:p></span></h2>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>It
corresponds to the <span class=SpellE>pourcentage</span> of the bases G and C,
that is, the number of nucleotides in the barcode that are either G or C,
divided by the length of the barcode.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<h2><a name="_Toc530069831"><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>2.c)
Hamming distance </span></a><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc530069831'><span
class=SpellE><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>d<sub>H</sub></span></i></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc530069831'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'>:</span></span><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <o:p></o:p></span></h2>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The Hamming
distance of two words of equal lengths is defined as the number of letters at
which they differ. For example the Hamming distance between ‘AATGC’ and ‘TATGG’
is 2. This distance is adequate for the correction of substitution errors only.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Let <i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>C</i> = (<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>c<sub>1</sub></i>,
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>c<sub>2</sub></i>, …, <span class=SpellE><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>c<sub>K</sub></i></span>) denote a list of
distinct words. The minimum Hamming distance between pairs of words from this
list is denoted by</span><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> </span><span
class=SpellE><span class=GramE><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>d<sub>min,H</sub></span></i></span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>(<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>C</i>)</span><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>To <b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>detect </b><span class=SpellE><i>k</i><sub>d</sub></span>
substitution errors, the constraint that needs to be applied on the minimum
Hamming distance reads <span class=SpellE><span class=GramE><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>d<sub>H,min</sub></i></span></span>(<i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>C</i>) </span><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-font-family:
Cambria;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:
Symbol'><span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>&ge;</span></span><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <span class=SpellE><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>k<sub>d</sub></i></span> +1. This ensures
that no barcode <i>c</i><sub>i</sub> from the list can be transformed into
another one <span class=SpellE><i>c</i><sub>j</sub></span> by applying less
than <span class=SpellE><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>k<sub>d</sub></i></span>
+ 1 substitutions.</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>To <b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>correct</b> <i>k</i><sub>c</sub>
substitution errors, the constraint on the minimum Hamming distance reads <span
class=SpellE><span class=GramE><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>d<sub>H,min</sub></i></span></span>(<i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>C</i>) </span><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-font-family:
Cambria;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:
Symbol'><span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>&ge;</span></span><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> 2<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>k<sub>d</sub></i> +1. This ensures that a barcode <i>c</i><sub>i</sub>
read with at most <i>k</i><sub>c</sub> substitution errors can be uniquely
recovered as the barcode closest in the Hamming distance from the word that was
read.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<h2><a name="_Toc530069832"><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>2.d)
Sequence-</span></a><span class=SpellE><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc530069832'><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Levenshtein</span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc530069832'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'> (<span class=SpellE>SeqLev</span>)&nbsp;distance <span class=SpellE><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>d<sub>SL</sub></i></span>:</span></span><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></h2>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>This
(pseudo-)distance has been introduced by <span class=SpellE>Tilo</span> <span
class=SpellE>Buschmann</span> for the purpose of defining robust constraints
that applies to the DNA context in which barcodes are flanked by other DNA
sequences </span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION
{&quot;citationID&quot;:&quot;CTAVEXW3&quot;,&quot;properties&quot;:{&quot;formattedCitation&quot;:&quot;(Buschmann,
2015)&quot;,&quot;plainCitation&quot;:&quot;(Buschmann,
2015)&quot;,&quot;noteIndex&quot;:0},&quot;citationItems&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:14997,&quot;uris&quot;:[&quot;http://zotero.org/groups/820458/items/C4BSHTQT&quot;],&quot;uri&quot;:[&quot;http://zotero.org/groups/820458/items/C4BSHTQT&quot;],&quot;itemData&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:14997,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;article-journal&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;The
Systematic Design and Application of Robust DNA
Barcodes&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;www.qucosa.de&quot;,&quot;URL&quot;:&quot;http://www.qucosa.de/recherche/frontdoor/?tx_slubopus4frontend%5bid%5d=urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-209812&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;de&quot;,&quot;author&quot;:[{&quot;family&quot;:&quot;Buschmann&quot;,&quot;given&quot;:&quot;Tilo&quot;}],&quot;issued&quot;:{&quot;date-parts&quot;:[[&quot;2015&quot;,10,15]]},&quot;accessed&quot;:{&quot;date-parts&quot;:[[&quot;2018&quot;,1,19]]}}}],&quot;schema&quot;:&quot;https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json&quot;}</span><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><a
name="__Fieldmark__98_730026005"><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'>(</span></a><a name="__Fieldmark__124_2047395547"><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__98_730026005'><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Buschmann, 2015)</span></span></a><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__124_2047395547'><span style='mso-bookmark:
__Fieldmark__98_730026005'></span></span><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__124_2047395547'><span style='mso-bookmark:
__Fieldmark__98_730026005'></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__98_730026005'></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__124_2047395547'></span><a
name="__Fieldmark__816_2985191725"></a><a name="__Fieldmark__137_982687004"></a><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>. It is closely linked to the
so-called <span class=SpellE>Levenshtein</span> (or edit) distance, which can
be defined as the minimum number of deletions, insertions or substitutions
required to transform a given word into another. See (<span class=SpellE>Buschmann</span>,
2015) for a precise definition.<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'> <span
class=SpellE>d<sub>SL</sub></span></i> is also implemented in the DNABarcodes
R-package </span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION
{&quot;citationID&quot;:&quot;drHeNtd6&quot;,&quot;properties&quot;:{&quot;formattedCitation&quot;:&quot;(Buschmann,
2017)&quot;,&quot;plainCitation&quot;:&quot;(Buschmann,
2017)&quot;,&quot;noteIndex&quot;:0},&quot;citationItems&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:14964,&quot;uris&quot;:[&quot;http://zotero.org/groups/820458/items/NEQ2LDSF&quot;],&quot;uri&quot;:[&quot;http://zotero.org/groups/820458/items/NEQ2LDSF&quot;],&quot;itemData&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:14964,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;article-journal&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;DNABarcodes:
an R package for the systematic construction of DNA sample
tags&quot;,&quot;container-title&quot;:&quot;Bioinformatics (Oxford,
England)&quot;,&quot;page&quot;:&quot;920-922&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;33&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;6&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;PubMed&quot;,&quot;abstract&quot;:&quot;Motivation:
DNA barcodes are commonly used for counting and discriminating purposes in
molecular and cell biology. Not every set of DNA sequences is equally suitable
for this goal. There is a growing demand for more sophisticated barcode
designs, with only few tools available. We prepared an R package that combines
known algorithms and innovative methods for the efficient, flexible and
near-optimal generation of robust barcode sets.\nResults: Our R-software
package 'DNABarcodes' generates sets of DNA barcodes from a few basic input
parameters (e.g. length, distance metric, minimum distance, chemical
properties). It satisfies the specifics of most particular experimental demands
in de novo design of barcodes. Additionally, the package allows analysing
existing sets of DNA barcodes as well as the generation of subsets of those
existing sets to improve their error correction and detection properties.
'DNABarcodes' was designed for speed, versatility, provable correctness and
large set sizes.\nAvailability and Implementation: The DNABarcodes R package is
available from Bioconductor at http://bioconductor.org/packages/DNABarcodes
under the GPL-2 license.\nContact: tilo.buschmann@izi.fraunhofer.de.\nSupplementary
information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics
online.&quot;,&quot;DOI&quot;:&quot;10.1093/bioinformatics/btw759&quot;,&quot;ISSN&quot;:&quot;1367-4811&quot;,&quot;note&quot;:&quot;PMID:
28052927&quot;,&quot;shortTitle&quot;:&quot;DNABarcodes&quot;,&quot;journalAbbreviation&quot;:&quot;Bioinformatics&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;eng&quot;,&quot;author&quot;:[{&quot;family&quot;:&quot;Buschmann&quot;,&quot;given&quot;:&quot;Tilo&quot;}],&quot;issued&quot;:{&quot;date-parts&quot;:[[&quot;2017&quot;,3,15]]}}}],&quot;schema&quot;:&quot;https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json&quot;}</span><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><a
name="__Fieldmark__128_730026005"><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'>(Buschmann, 2017)</span></a><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__128_730026005'></span><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__128_730026005'></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__128_730026005'></span><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>. </span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Let <i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>C</i> = (<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>c<sub>1</sub></i>,
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>c<sub>2</sub></i>, …, <span class=SpellE><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>c<sub>K</sub></i></span>) denote a list of
distinct words. The minimum <span class=SpellE>SeqLev</span> distance between
pairs of words from this list is denoted by</span><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> </span></i><span
class=SpellE><span class=GramE><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>d<sub>min,H</sub></span></i></span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>(<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>C</i>)</span><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>To <b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>detect</b> up to <span class=SpellE><i>k</i><sub>d</sub></span>
insertion, deletion, and substitution errors in the sequencing of a DNA
barcode, one must impose the constraint<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'> <span
class=SpellE><span class=GramE>d<sub>SL,min</sub></span></span></i>(<i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>C</i>) </span><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-font-family:
Cambria;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:
Symbol'><span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>&ge;</span></span><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <span class=SpellE><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>k<sub>d</sub></i></span> +1.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The <b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>correct</b> up to<i> k</i><sub>c </sub>insertion,
deletion, and substitution errors in a DNA context, one must impose the
constraint <span class=SpellE><span class=GramE><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>d<sub>SL,min</sub></i></span></span>(<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>C</i>) </span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:
Cambria;mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-char-type:
symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-char-type:symbol;
mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'>&ge;</span></span><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> 2<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>k<sub>c</sub></i>
+1. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<h2><a name="_Toc530069833"><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>2.e)
</span></a><span class=SpellE><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc530069833'><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Phaseshift</span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc530069833'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'> distance <span class=SpellE><span class=GramE><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>d<sub>p</sub></i></span></span><span class=GramE><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><sub> </sub></i>:</span></span></span><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></h2>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The <span
class=SpellE>Phaseshift</span> distance is another distance introduced by <span
class=SpellE>Buschmann</span> and implemented in the <span class=SpellE>DNABarcodes</span>
package </span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION
{&quot;citationID&quot;:&quot;OdavU344&quot;,&quot;properties&quot;:{&quot;formattedCitation&quot;:&quot;(Buschmann,
2015)&quot;,&quot;plainCitation&quot;:&quot;(Buschmann,
2015)&quot;,&quot;noteIndex&quot;:0},&quot;citationItems&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:14997,&quot;uris&quot;:[&quot;http://zotero.org/groups/820458/items/C4BSHTQT&quot;],&quot;uri&quot;:[&quot;http://zotero.org/groups/820458/items/C4BSHTQT&quot;],&quot;itemData&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:14997,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;article-journal&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;The
Systematic Design and Application of Robust DNA
Barcodes&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;www.qucosa.de&quot;,&quot;URL&quot;:&quot;http://www.qucosa.de/recherche/frontdoor/?tx_slubopus4frontend%5bid%5d=urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-209812&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;de&quot;,&quot;author&quot;:[{&quot;family&quot;:&quot;Buschmann&quot;,&quot;given&quot;:&quot;Tilo&quot;}],&quot;issued&quot;:{&quot;date-parts&quot;:[[&quot;2015&quot;,10,15]]},&quot;accessed&quot;:{&quot;date-parts&quot;:[[&quot;2018&quot;,1,19]]}}}],&quot;schema&quot;:&quot;https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json&quot;}</span><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><a
name="__Fieldmark__177_730026005"><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'>(</span></a><a name="__Fieldmark__196_2047395547"><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__177_730026005'><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Buschmann, 2015)</span></span></a><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__196_2047395547'><span style='mso-bookmark:
__Fieldmark__177_730026005'></span></span><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__196_2047395547'><span style='mso-bookmark:
__Fieldmark__177_730026005'></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__177_730026005'></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__196_2047395547'></span><a
name="__Fieldmark__1071_2985191725"></a><a name="__Fieldmark__218_982687004"></a><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>. This distance is adapted for the
correction of substitution errors, and also supports the correction of
insertion/deletion errors that may occur at both extremities of the DNA barcode
sequence as seen on Illumina platforms.</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Let <i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>C</i> = (<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>c<sub>1</sub></i>,
<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>c<sub>2</sub></i>, …, <span class=SpellE><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>c<sub>K</sub></i></span>) denote a list of
distinct words. The minimum Phaseshift distance between pairs of words from
this list is denoted by <span class=SpellE><span class=GramE><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>d<sub>P,min</sub></i></span></span>(<i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>C</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>To <b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>detect</b> up to <span class=SpellE><i>k</i><sub>d</sub></span>
insertion, deletion, and substitution errors in a DNA context, one must impose
the constraint <span class=SpellE><span class=GramE><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>d<sub>P,min</sub></i></span></span>(<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>C</i>)
</span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-char-type:symbol;
mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:
Symbol'>&ge;</span></span><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <span
class=SpellE><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>k<sub>d</sub></i></span> +1 <span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>To <b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>correct</b> up to <i>k</i><sub>c</sub> insertion,
deletion, and substitution errors in a DNA context, one must impose the
constraint <span class=SpellE><span class=GramE><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'>d<sub>P,min</sub></i></span></span>(<i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>C</i>)
</span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-char-type:symbol;
mso-symbol-font-family:Symbol'><span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:
Symbol'>&ge;</span></span><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> 2<i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>k<sub>c</sub></i> +1 <span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<h1 style='mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7'><a name="_Toc530069834"><![if !supportLists]><span
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]></a><span
class=SpellE><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc530069834'>Plateform</span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:_Toc530069834'> <span class=SpellE>chemistry</span> <span
class=SpellE>constraints</span></span></h1>

<h2><a name="_Toc530069835"><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>3.a)
Overview of Illumina chemistries</span></a><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></h2>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The
detection method and subsequent image processing performed by Illumina
platforms have some limitations that require particular sequence compatibility
constraints to be satisfied by combinations of DNA barcode for their
unambiguous sequencing. Illumina platforms are categorised into 3 different
“Illumina chemistries”, each with a specific set of rules for DNA barcode
compatibility. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='mso-no-proof:
yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600"
 o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f"
 stroked="f">
 <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
 <v:formulas>
  <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
  <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
  <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
  <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
  <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
  <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
  <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
  <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
  <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
  <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
  <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
  <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
 </v:formulas>
 <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
 <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="Image_x0020_9" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75"
 style='width:450pt;height:157pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
 <v:imagedata src="Documentation.fld/image001.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=450 height=157
src="Documentation.fld/image001.png" v:shapes="Image_x0020_9"><![endif]></span></p>

<p class=MsoCaption><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Figure </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-US'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC </span><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-no-proof:yes'>1</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>.Illumina chemistry configurations for one,
two, four channels<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The
4-channel chemistry stands for 4 different detection colours, one per
nucleotide (see Figure 1). The 2-channel and 1-channel chemistries stand for 2
and 1 detection colours, respectively.</span><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-no-proof:yes'> </span><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<h2><a name="_Toc530069836"><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>3.b)
Illumina compatibility constraints</span></a><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></h2>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>In their
‘Index Adapter Pooling Guide’ (version # 1000000041074 v03, available at
emea.support.illumina.com), Illumina provides guidelines for the design of a
compatible multiplexing strategy for each chemistry configuration, in a
low-plex pooling setting (multiplexing level less than 12) </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-US'>ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION
{&quot;citationID&quot;:&quot;KEZyxko0&quot;,&quot;properties&quot;:{&quot;formattedCitation&quot;:&quot;(Index
Adapters Pooling Guide)&quot;,&quot;plainCitation&quot;:&quot;(Index Adapters
Pooling Guide)&quot;,&quot;noteIndex&quot;:0},&quot;citationItems&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:19191,&quot;uris&quot;:[&quot;http://zotero.org/groups/820458/items/8J5MLZUH&quot;],&quot;uri&quot;:[&quot;http://zotero.org/groups/820458/items/8J5MLZUH&quot;],&quot;itemData&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:19191,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;webpage&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Index
Adapters Pooling
Guide&quot;,&quot;URL&quot;:&quot;http://emea.support.illumina.com/downloads/index-adapters-pooling-guide-1000000041074.html?langsel=/fr/&quot;,&quot;accessed&quot;:{&quot;date-parts&quot;:[[&quot;2018&quot;,11,9]]}}}],&quot;schema&quot;:&quot;https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json&quot;}</span><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><a
name="__Fieldmark__265_730026005"><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'>(Index Adapters Pooling Guide)</span></a><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__265_730026005'></span><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__265_730026005'></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__265_730026005'></span><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>. Here are the recommendations found in this
document:</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>&quot;<i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Selecting the correct index combinations
avoids Index Read failure due to cluster registration failure and improves
accuracy during data analysis. […] It is important to maintain <span
class=SpellE>color</span> balance for cycle of Index Read sequencing, otherwise
Index Read sequencing could fail due to registration failure. This base calling
process also ensures accuracy for data analysis.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Follow these low-plex pooling guidelines,
depending on your index adapter <span class=GramE>component.[...]</span><o:p></o:p></span></i></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></i></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Four-Channel
Sequencing<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>[…] Four-channel sequencing systems capture
four distinct images, which allows cycle-by-cycle observation of which dye is
incorporated into a cluster.</span></i><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>A green laser is used to sequence G and T bases
while a red laser sequences A and C bases. To ensure proper image registration,
each cycle must include reads at least one of two nucleotides per <span
class=SpellE>color</span> channel.</span></i><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The <span class=SpellE>MiSeq</span> system and
all <span class=SpellE>HiSeq</span> systems currently use four-channel
chemistry.<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></i></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Two-Channel Sequencing<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Index Reads must begin with at least one base
other than G in either of the first two cycles. If an Index Read begins with
two base calls of G, signal intensity is not generated and registration fails.
Signal must be present in either of the first two cycles to ensure
demultiplexing performance.<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Select combinations of index sequences that
provide signal in at least one channel, preferably both channels, for every
cycle.<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Red channel—A or C<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Green channel—A or T<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Two-channel sequencing simplifies nucleotide
detection because only two images are needed to determine all four base calls.
Instead of using a separate dye for each base, two-channel sequencing uses a
mix of dyes. Clusters with intensity in the red channel are C bases, and
clusters with intensity in the green channel are T base. Clusters with
intensity in both red and green are A base. <span class=SpellE>Unlabeled</span>
clusters are G base</span></i><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>.</span></i><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></i></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The <span class=SpellE>NovaSeq</span>, <span
class=SpellE>NextSeq</span>, and <span class=SpellE>MiniSeq</span> platforms
use two-channel chemistry. [...]<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></i></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:
normal'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>One-Channel Sequencing<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The first two cycles of an index read cannot
start with two G bases, otherwise intensity is not generated. To ensure
demultiplexing performance, intensity must be present in either of the first
two cycles. Make sure that at least one index sequence in a library pool does
not start with two G bases. Select balanced index sequences so that signal is
present in at least one image (preferably both images) for every cycle. The <span
class=SpellE>iSeq</span> 100 System uses one-dye sequencing, which requires one
dye and two images to encode data for the four bases. Intensities extracted
from one image and compared to a second image result in four distinct
populations, each corresponding to a nucleotide. Base calling determines which
population each cluster belongs to.</span></i><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>”<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<h2><a name="_Toc530069837"><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>3.c)
Examples of compatible and non-compatible combinations</span></a><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> <o:p></o:p></span></h2>

<p class=MsoSubtitle align=left style='text-align:left'><a name="_Toc530069838"></a><span
class=SpellE><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc530069838'><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>i</span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc530069838'><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>) Compatible
and non-compatible barcode combinations for a 4-channel Illumina system
(multiplex level 3).</span></span><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
 id="Image_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:423pt;
 height:114pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
 <v:imagedata src="Documentation.fld/image003.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=423 height=114
src="Documentation.fld/image003.png" v:shapes="Image_x0020_5"><![endif]></span><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoSubtitle align=left style='text-align:left'><a name="_Toc530069839"><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>ii) Compatible and non-compatible
barcode combinations for a 2-channel Illumina system (multiplex level 3)</span></a><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='text-align:left'><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
 id="Image_x0020_8" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:431pt;
 height:117pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
 <v:imagedata src="Documentation.fld/image005.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=431 height=117
src="Documentation.fld/image005.png" v:shapes="Image_x0020_8"><![endif]></span><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoSubtitle align=left style='text-align:left'><a name="_Toc530069840">iii)
Compatible and non-compatible </a><span class=SpellE><span style='mso-bookmark:
_Toc530069840'>barcode</span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:_Toc530069840'> <span
class=SpellE>combinations</span> for a 1-channel Illumina system (multiplex <span
class=SpellE>level</span> 3)</span></p>

<p class=MsoCaption align=left style='text-align:left'><span lang=EN-GB
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
 id="Image_x0020_7" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:438pt;
 height:118pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
 <v:imagedata src="Documentation.fld/image007.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=438 height=118
src="Documentation.fld/image007.png" v:shapes="Image_x0020_7"><![endif]></span><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<h1 style='mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7'><a name="_Toc530069841"><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>4.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Which constraints for which
platform?</span></a><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></h1>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>The table
below summarizes the constraints that one should apply for a given platform for
an optimal demultiplexing </span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>ADDIN
ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION
{&quot;citationID&quot;:&quot;BlBAB0gH&quot;,&quot;properties&quot;:{&quot;formattedCitation&quot;:&quot;(Yang
{\\i{}et al.}, 2013; Buschmann, 2015; Shin and Park, 2016; Pfeiffer {\\i{}et
al.}, 2018)&quot;,&quot;plainCitation&quot;:&quot;(Yang et al., 2013;
Buschmann, 2015; Shin and Park, 2016; Pfeiffer et al.,
2018)&quot;,&quot;noteIndex&quot;:0},&quot;citationItems&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:19115,&quot;uris&quot;:[&quot;http://zotero.org/groups/820458/items/6NXTNN5V&quot;],&quot;uri&quot;:[&quot;http://zotero.org/groups/820458/items/6NXTNN5V&quot;],&quot;itemData&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:19115,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;article-journal&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;A
survey of error-correction methods for next-generation
sequencing&quot;,&quot;container-title&quot;:&quot;Briefings in
Bioinformatics&quot;,&quot;page&quot;:&quot;56-66&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;14&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;academic.oup.com&quot;,&quot;abstract&quot;:&quot;Abstract.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Error Correction is important for most next-generation
sequencing applications because highly accurate sequenced reads will likely
lead to higher
qua&quot;,&quot;URL&quot;:&quot;https://academic.oup.com/bib/article/14/1/56/306302&quot;,&quot;DOI&quot;:&quot;10.1093/bib/bbs015&quot;,&quot;ISSN&quot;:&quot;1467-5463&quot;,&quot;journalAbbreviation&quot;:&quot;Brief
Bioinform&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;author&quot;:[{&quot;family&quot;:&quot;Yang&quot;,&quot;given&quot;:&quot;Xiao&quot;},{&quot;family&quot;:&quot;Chockalingam&quot;,&quot;given&quot;:&quot;Sriram
P.&quot;},{&quot;family&quot;:&quot;Aluru&quot;,&quot;given&quot;:&quot;Srinivas&quot;}],&quot;issued&quot;:{&quot;date-parts&quot;:[[&quot;2013&quot;,1,1]]},&quot;accessed&quot;:{&quot;date-parts&quot;:[[&quot;2018&quot;,11,2]]}}},{&quot;id&quot;:14997,&quot;uris&quot;:[&quot;http://zotero.org/groups/820458/items/C4BSHTQT&quot;],&quot;uri&quot;:[&quot;http://zotero.org/groups/820458/items/C4BSHTQT&quot;],&quot;itemData&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:14997,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;article-journal&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;The
Systematic Design and Application of Robust DNA
Barcodes&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;www.qucosa.de&quot;,&quot;URL&quot;:&quot;http://www.qucosa.de/recherche/frontdoor/?tx_slubopus4frontend%5bid%5d=urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-209812&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;de&quot;,&quot;author&quot;:[{&quot;family&quot;:&quot;Buschmann&quot;,&quot;given&quot;:&quot;Tilo&quot;}],&quot;issued&quot;:{&quot;date-parts&quot;:[[&quot;2015&quot;,10,15]]},&quot;accessed&quot;:{&quot;date-parts&quot;:[[&quot;2018&quot;,1,19]]}}},{&quot;id&quot;:19112,&quot;uris&quot;:[&quot;http://zotero.org/groups/820458/items/IIJCLGUU&quot;],&quot;uri&quot;:[&quot;http://zotero.org/groups/820458/items/IIJCLGUU&quot;],&quot;itemData&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:19112,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;article-journal&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Characterization
of sequence-specific errors in various next-generation sequencing systems&quot;,&quot;container-title&quot;:&quot;Molecular
BioSystems&quot;,&quot;page&quot;:&quot;914-922&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;12&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;pubs.rsc.org&quot;,&quot;abstract&quot;:&quot;Next-generation
sequencing (NGS) is a popular method for assessing the molecular diversity of
microbial communities without cultivation, for identifying polymorphisms in
populations, and for comparing genomes and transcriptomes. However,
sequence-specific errors (SSEs) by NGS systems can result in genome
mis-assembly, overestimation of diversity in microbial community analyses, and
false polymorphism discovery. SSEs can be particularly problematic due to rich
microbial biodiversity and genomes containing frequent repeats. In this study,
SSEs in public data from all popular NGS systems were discovered using a Markov
chain model and hotspots for sequence errors were identified. Deletion errors
were frequently pre</span>ceded by homopolymers in non-Illumina NGS systems,
such as GS FLX+. Substitution errors were often related to high GC contents and
long G/C homopolymers in Illumina sequencing systems such as HiSeq. After
removal of long G/C homopolymers in HiSeq, the average lengths of contigs and
average SNP quality increased. SSEs were selectively removed from our mock
community data by quality filtering, and a bias against specific microbes was
identified. Our findings provide a scientific basis for filtering poor-quality
reads, correcting deletion errors, preventing genome mis-assembly, and
accurately assessing microbial community compositions and
polymorphisms.&quot;,&quot;URL&quot;:&quot;https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2016/mb/c5mb00750j&quot;,&quot;DOI&quot;:&quot;10.1039/C5MB00750J&quot;,&quot;ISSN&quot;:&quot;1742-2051&quot;,&quot;journalAbbreviation&quot;:&quot;Mol.
BioSyst.&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;author&quot;:[{&quot;family&quot;:&quot;Shin&quot;,&quot;given&quot;:&quot;Sunguk&quot;},{&quot;family&quot;:&quot;Park&quot;,&quot;given&quot;:&quot;Joonhong&quot;}],&quot;issued&quot;:{&quot;date-parts&quot;:[[&quot;2016&quot;,2,23]]},&quot;accessed&quot;:{&quot;date-parts&quot;:[[&quot;2018&quot;,11,2]]}}},{&quot;id&quot;:19118,&quot;uris&quot;:[&quot;http://zotero.org/groups/820458/items/GM34BQN3&quot;],&quot;uri&quot;:[&quot;http://zotero.org/groups/820458/items/GM34BQN3&quot;],&quot;itemData&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:19118,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;article-journal&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Systematic
evaluation of error rates and causes in short samples in next-generation
sequencing&quot;,&quot;container-title&quot;:&quot;Scientific
Reports&quot;,&quot;page&quot;:&quot;10950&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;8&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;www.nature.com&quot;,&quot;abstract&quot;:&quot;Next-generation
sequencing (NGS) is the method of choice when large numbers of sequences have
to be obtained. While the technique is widely applied, varying error rates have
been observed. We analysed millions of reads obtained after sequencing of one
single sequence on an Illumina sequencer. According to our analysis, the
index-PCR for sample preparatio<span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>n
has no effect on the observed error rate, even though PCR is traditionally seen
as one of the major contributors to enhanced error rates in NGS. In addition,
we observed very persistent pre-phasing effects although the base calling
software corrects for these. Removal of shortened sequences abolished these
effects and allowed analysis of the actual mutations. The average error rate
determined was 0.24 ± 0.06% per base and the percentage of mutated sequences
was found to be 6.4 ± 1.24%. Constant regions at the 5</span><span
style='font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-hansi-font-family:
Cambria;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>′</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-US'>- and 3</span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-ascii-font-family:
Cambria;mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>′</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>-end, e.g., primer binding sites
used in in vitro selection procedures seem to have no effect on mutation rates
and re-sequencing of samples obtains very reproducible results. As phasing
effects and other sequencing problems vary between equipment and individual
setups, we recommend evaluation of error rates and types to all NGS-users to
improve the quality and analysis of NGS
data.&quot;,&quot;URL&quot;:&quot;https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-29325-6&quot;,&quot;DOI&quot;:&quot;10.1038/s41598-018-29325-6&quot;,&quot;ISSN&quot;:&quot;2045-2322&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;En&quot;,&quot;author&quot;:[{&quot;family&quot;:&quot;Pfeiffer&quot;,&quot;given&quot;:&quot;Franziska&quot;},{&quot;family&quot;:&quot;Gröber&quot;,&quot;given&quot;:&quot;Carsten&quot;},{&quot;family&quot;:&quot;Blank&quot;,&quot;given&quot;:&quot;Michael&quot;},{&quot;family&quot;:&quot;Händler&quot;,&quot;given&quot;:&quot;Kristian&quot;},{&quot;family&quot;:&quot;Beyer&quot;,&quot;given&quot;:&quot;Marc&quot;},{&quot;family&quot;:&quot;Schultze&quot;,&quot;given&quot;:&quot;Joachim
L.&quot;},{&quot;family&quot;:&quot;Mayer&quot;,&quot;given&quot;:&quot;Günter&quot;}],&quot;issued&quot;:{&quot;date-parts&quot;:[[&quot;2018&quot;,7,19]]},&quot;accessed&quot;:{&quot;date-parts&quot;:[[&quot;2018&quot;,11,2]]}}}],&quot;schema&quot;:&quot;https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json&quot;}</span><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><a
name="__Fieldmark__372_730026005"><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-US'>(</span></a><a name="__Fieldmark__309_2047395547"></a><a
name="__Fieldmark__358_982687004"></a><a name="__Fieldmark__1546_2985191725"><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__358_982687004'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__309_2047395547'><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__372_730026005'><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Yang et al., 2013; Buschmann, 2015; Shin and
Park, 2016; Pfeiffer et al., 2018)</span></span></span></span></a><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__1546_2985191725'><span style='mso-bookmark:
__Fieldmark__358_982687004'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__309_2047395547'><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__372_730026005'></span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--><span style='mso-bookmark:
__Fieldmark__1546_2985191725'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__358_982687004'><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__309_2047395547'><span style='mso-bookmark:
__Fieldmark__372_730026005'></span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
__Fieldmark__372_730026005'></span><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__309_2047395547'></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__358_982687004'></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
__Fieldmark__1546_2985191725'></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-US'>. Interesting NGS platform comparisons can be found here:</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> </span><span class=LienInternet><span
lang=EN-GB style='mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><a
href="https://genohub.com/ngs-instrument-guide/"><span style='color:blue'>https://genohub.com/ngs-instrument-guide/</span></a></span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Suggestions
by users are welcome and should be submitted to <span class=SpellE>github</span>:</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> </span><span
class=LienInternet><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><a
href="https://github.com/comoto-pasteur-fr/DNABarcodeCompatibility/issues"><span
style='color:blue'>https://github.com/comoto-pasteur-fr/DNABarcodeCompatibility/issues</span></a></span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<table class=MsoNormalTable border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=896
 style='width:671.7pt;margin-left:-5.65pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;
 mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid black;mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid black'>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;height:35.35pt'>
  <td width=132 style='width:98.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:
  solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:35.35pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b
  style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Company<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width=102 style='width:76.35pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;border-left:none;
  mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:35.35pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b
  style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Platform<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width=156 style='width:116.7pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;border-left:none;
  mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:35.35pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b
  style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Sequencing method<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width=123 style='width:92.3pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;border-left:none;
  mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:35.35pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b
  style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Dominant error type<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width=145 style='width:108.85pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;border-left:
  none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:35.35pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b
  style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Manufacturer required constraints<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width=238 style='width:178.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;border-left:
  none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:35.35pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b
  style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Recommended constraints for optimal demultiplexing<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1;height:37.0pt'>
  <td width=132 valign=top style='width:98.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:37.0pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Illumina<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:37.0pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span class=SpellE><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>HiSeq</span></span><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, <span
  class=SpellE>MiSeq</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=156 valign=top style='width:116.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:37.0pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Sequencing by synthesis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=123 valign=top style='width:92.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:37.0pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'>Substitution<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=145 valign=top style='width:108.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:37.0pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>4-channel compatibility<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=238 valign=top style='width:178.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:37.0pt'>
  <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:15.85pt;mso-add-space:
  auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
  mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Homopolymer length &lt; 3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:15.85pt;mso-add-space:
  auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
  mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>20%-40% GC content range<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:15.85pt;mso-add-space:
  auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
  mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>4-channel compatibility<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-left:15.85pt;mso-add-space:
  auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
  mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  </span></span></span><![endif]><span class=SpellE><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Phaseshift</span></span><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> distance
  (&gt;=3)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2;height:49.7pt'>
  <td width=132 valign=top style='width:98.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:49.7pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Illumina<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:49.7pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span class=SpellE><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>NextSeq</span></span><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>, <span
  class=SpellE>NovaSeq</span>, <span class=SpellE>MiniSeq</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=156 valign=top style='width:116.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:49.7pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Sequencing by synthesis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=123 valign=top style='width:92.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:49.7pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'>Substitution<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=145 valign=top style='width:108.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:49.7pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>2-channel compatibility<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=238 valign=top style='width:178.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:49.7pt'>
  <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:15.85pt;mso-add-space:
  auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
  mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Homopolymer length &lt; 3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:15.85pt;mso-add-space:
  auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
  mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>20%-40% GC content range<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:15.85pt;mso-add-space:
  auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
  mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>2-channel compatibility<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-left:15.85pt;mso-add-space:
  auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
  mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  </span></span></span><![endif]><span class=SpellE><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Phaseshift</span></span><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> distance
  (&gt;=3)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3;height:49.7pt'>
  <td width=132 valign=top style='width:98.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:49.7pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Illumina<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:49.7pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span class=SpellE><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>iSeq</span></span><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=156 valign=top style='width:116.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:49.7pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Sequencing by synthesis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=123 valign=top style='width:92.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:49.7pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'>Substitution<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=145 valign=top style='width:108.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:49.7pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>1-channel compatibility<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=238 valign=top style='width:178.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:49.7pt'>
  <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:15.85pt;mso-add-space:
  auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
  mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Homopolymer length &lt; 3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:15.85pt;mso-add-space:
  auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
  mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>20%-40% GC content range<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:15.85pt;mso-add-space:
  auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
  mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>1-channel compatibility<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-left:15.85pt;mso-add-space:
  auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
  mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  </span></span></span><![endif]><span class=SpellE><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Phaseshift</span></span><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> distance
  (&gt;=3)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:4;height:35.35pt'>
  <td width=132 valign=top style='width:98.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:35.35pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;tab-stops:43.6pt'><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Life Technologies<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:35.35pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Ion Proton<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=156 valign=top style='width:116.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:35.35pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Ion semiconductor sequencing<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=123 valign=top style='width:92.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:35.35pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'>Insertion/ deletion<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=145 valign=top style='width:108.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:35.35pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>none<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=238 rowspan=4 style='width:178.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:35.35pt'>
  <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:15.85pt;mso-add-space:
  auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
  mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Homopolymer length &lt; 3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:15.85pt;mso-add-space:
  auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
  mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;
  mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>40%-60% GC content range<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-left:15.85pt;mso-add-space:
  auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Symbol;
  mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  </span></span></span><![endif]><span class=SpellE><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>SeqLev</span></span><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> distance
  (&gt;=3)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:5;height:23.5pt'>
  <td width=132 valign=top style='width:98.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:23.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Pacific Biosciences<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:23.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Pac Bio<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=156 valign=top style='width:116.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:23.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Single molecule sequencing<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=123 valign=top style='width:92.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:23.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'>Insertion/ deletion<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=145 valign=top style='width:108.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:23.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>none<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:6;height:23.5pt'>
  <td width=132 valign=top style='width:98.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:23.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span class=SpellE><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Helicos</span></span><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> Biosciences<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:23.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span class=SpellE><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Heliscope</span></span><span
  lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=156 valign=top style='width:116.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:23.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Single molecule sequencing<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=123 valign=top style='width:92.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:23.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'>Insertion/ deletion<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=145 valign=top style='width:108.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:23.5pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>none<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:7;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes;height:22.7pt'>
  <td width=132 valign=top style='width:98.75pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Roche<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.35pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>454<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=156 valign=top style='width:116.7pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Pyrosequencing<span
  style='mso-tab-count:1'>            </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=123 valign=top style='width:92.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
  EN-GB'>Insertion/ deletion<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
  <td width=145 valign=top style='width:108.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
  mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
  mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:22.7pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-GB
  style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>none<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoTitle><span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>References<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none'><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span></span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL
{&quot;uncited&quot;:[],&quot;omitted&quot;:[],&quot;custom&quot;:[]}
CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><span style='mso-element:
field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><a name="__Fieldmark__580_730026005"><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'>B</span></a><a name="__Fieldmark__496_2047395547"></a><a
name="__Fieldmark__541_982687004"></a><a name="__Fieldmark__1884_2985191725"><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__541_982687004'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__496_2047395547'><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__580_730026005'><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>uschmann,T.
(2017) DNABarcodes: an R package for the systematic construction of DNA sample
tags. <i>Bioinformatics</i>, <b>33</b>, 920–922.</span></span></span></span></a><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__1884_2985191725'><span style='mso-bookmark:
__Fieldmark__541_982687004'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__496_2047395547'><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__580_730026005'></span></span></span></span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__1884_2985191725'><span style='mso-bookmark:
__Fieldmark__541_982687004'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__496_2047395547'><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__580_730026005'></span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--><span style='mso-bookmark:
__Fieldmark__1884_2985191725'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__541_982687004'><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__496_2047395547'><span style='mso-bookmark:
__Fieldmark__580_730026005'></span></span></span></span><span style='mso-bookmark:
__Fieldmark__580_730026005'></span><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__1884_2985191725'><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__541_982687004'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__496_2047395547'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__1884_2985191725'><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__541_982687004'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__496_2047395547'><span
class=SpellE><span class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:9.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Buschmann,T</span></span></span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__1884_2985191725'><span style='mso-bookmark:
__Fieldmark__541_982687004'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__496_2047395547'><span
class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>.</span></span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__1884_2985191725'><span style='mso-bookmark:
__Fieldmark__541_982687004'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__496_2047395547'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'> (2015) The Systematic Design and Application of Robust DNA Barcodes.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__1884_2985191725'><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__541_982687004'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__496_2047395547'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'>Index Adapters Pooling Guide.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__1884_2985191725'><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__541_982687004'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__496_2047395547'><span
class=SpellE><span class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:9.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Pfeiffer,F</span></span></span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__1884_2985191725'><span style='mso-bookmark:
__Fieldmark__541_982687004'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__496_2047395547'><span
class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>.</span></span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__1884_2985191725'><span style='mso-bookmark:
__Fieldmark__541_982687004'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__496_2047395547'><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'> <i>et al.</i> (2018) Systematic evaluation of error rates and causes in
short samples in next-generation sequencing. <i>Scientific Reports</i>, <b>8</b>,
10950.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-pagination:none'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__1884_2985191725'><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__541_982687004'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__496_2047395547'><span
class=SpellE><span class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:9.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Shin,S</span></span></span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__1884_2985191725'><span style='mso-bookmark:
__Fieldmark__541_982687004'><span style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__496_2047395547'><span
class=GramE><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>.</span></span></span></span></span><span
style='mso-bookmark:__Fieldmark__1884_2985191725'><span style='mso-bookmark:
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